Vanillin is the common name for 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzaldehyde.
See attached figure for the structure.
Vanillin have 3 functional groups:
1) aldehyde group: R-HC=O, in which the carbon is double bonded to oxygen
2) phenolic hydroxide group: R-OH, were the hydroxyl group is bounded to a carbon from the benzene ring
3) ether group: R-O-R, were hydrogen is bounded through sigma bonds to carbons
Now for the hybridization we have:
The carbon atoms involved in the benzene ring and the red carbon atom (from the aldehyde group) have a <u>sp²</u> hybridization because they are involved in double bonds.
The carbon atom from the methoxy group (R-O-CH₃) and the blue oxygen's have a <u>sp³</u> hybridization because they are involved only in single bonds.
If 1mole ------------- is ---------------- 6.02*10²³
than 0.25mole ----- is ---------------- x
x = [0.25mole*6.02*10²³]/1mole = <u>1,505*10²³</u>
I believe in what USA was and is able to achieve, and trust the nation in many but every ways. What really made it a developed nation is the things that happened in the last 3 Centuries, some of which are;
#1 CULTURAL TOLERANCE & IMMERSION
#2 TECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS & ADVANCEMENT IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
#3 FAST FOOD CULTURE
#4 HOLLYWOOD
#5 INTEGRITY & PATRIOTISM
#6 MASS CONSUMERISM
B. carbon-13 is not an allotrope of Carbon.
Allotropes<span> are elements on the periodic table that have more than one crystalline form. </span>Isotopes<span> are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but have a different mass number.
C-13 is an isotope of carbon, not an allotrope.</span>
