Answer:
In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was the <u>neutral stimulus </u>before conditioning and the <u>conditioned stimulus</u> after conditioning had occurred (option C).
Explanation:
Classical conditioning, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, establishes that two stimuli -one unconditioned that produces a response and one neutral- when associated, convert the neutral stimulus into a conditioned one with a response.
Pavlov's famous dog experiment laid the foundations of classical conditioning:
- A dog is capable of salivating at the sight of food.
- The same dog does not react to a bell.
- When the dog is shown the food and the bell rings, in repeated opportunities, the only sound of the bell will make it salivate, what is a conditioned response.
The bell, a neutral stimulus, and salivation have become a conditioned stimulus and response, respectively.
Regarding other options:
<em> a. A conditioned stimulus does not lead to an unconditioned one.
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<em> b. A neutral stimulus does not result in reinforcement.
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<em> c. Pavlov's experiment did not demonstrate the conversion of a conditioned stimulus into a neutral stimulus.</em>
Answer:
As the transmission medium between muscles and bone, tendons perform an essential role in movement by transmitting the contraction force generated by muscles to the bones they hold, making them essential for joint stability.
Answer:
The energy is located in the bond that joins the terminal phosphate group to the rest of the molecule.
Explanation:
- Adenosine triphosphate also known as ATP is a nucleotide that is responsible to store as well as transfer the energy synthesized chemically in the body living being.
- The energy is present in ATP as a high energy bond of phosphate group that is the joining terminal of phosphate group to the other molecules.
- The activities like, contraction of muscle, nerve impulse, chemical activities etc. needs energy that is drawn from the ATP.
Answer:
a. informed consent
Explanation:
Informed Consent (IC) is the patient's authorization obtained by the professional to perform an undisputed medical procedure. It is an indispensable condition of the contemporary doctor-patient relationship. It is a voluntary decision, verbal or written, carried out by an autonomous and capable person, taken after an informative process, to accept a specific treatment aware of its risks, benefits and possible consequences.
The researcher who proposed free medical care to the Smith couple's children violated informed consent because informed consent must be voluntary for the patient. In this case, the participation of Smith's children in the research is not voluntary, as patients were offered medical treatment in exchange for their participation in the research. In addition, informed consent must be given by the volunteer, not his parents, and the volunteer must be an autonomous person who can make decisions for himself, so we can conclude that the volunteer cannot be a child.
