The pH value can be measured using electrochemical measuring systems, litmus paper, or indicators and colorimeters. The easiest way to take a pH measurement is to use litmus paper or a colorimeter. The advantage of this type of pH measurement is that the pH range is well known and they are easy to apply.
In a galvanic cell, the flow of electrons will be from the anode to cathode through the circuit .
Whether a cell is an electrolysis cell (non-spontaneous chemistry driven by forcing electricity from an external energy source) or a galvanic cell (spontaneous chemistry driving electricity), will determine the charge of the anode and the cathode. Depending on where the electrons encounter resistance and find it difficult to pass, a negative charge may emerge. Therefore, you cannot determine the direction of the current just on the charge on the electrode.
Oxidation and reduction always take place at the anode and cathode, respectively.
An element undergoes oxidation when it surrenders one or more electrons to become more positively charged. These electrons leave the chemicals in any type of cell and travel to the anode, where they enter the external circuit.
An element picks up an electron during reduction to become more negatively charged (less positive, lower oxidation state). These electrons are captured from the external circuit at the cathode in both types of cells.
Therefore, no matter what kind of cell you are dealing with, the oxidizing chemicals at the anode transfer the electrons to the external circuit; these electrons then move through the circuit from the anode to the cathode, where they are captured by the reducing chemicals. The electrons always go from the anode to the cathode via the external circuit.
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Answer: 22368.4 Liters
Explanation:
Initial Volume of gas V1 = 20000 liters
Initial pressure of gas P1 = 850 torr
Final volume V2 = ?
Final (standard) pressure P2 = 760 torr
Apply the formula for Boyle's law:
P1V1 = P2V2
850torr x 20000L = 760torr x V2
V2 = (850torr x 20000L)/ 760torr
V2 = (17000000)/760torr
V2 = 22368.4L
Thus, the volume of the gas at standard pressure is 22368.4 Liters
Answer:
1,500 mm
Explanation:
if 1 meter = 1000 mm, 0.5 meters is 500 mm, so 1.50 meters is 1,500 mm
The mass of Hydrogen is 2 g/mol
The mass of Helium is 4 g/mol
