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JulsSmile [24]
3 years ago
13

Pre-Lab Study Questions / 9

Chemistry
1 answer:
jok3333 [9.3K]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

See detailed answer with explanation below.

Explanation:

Valence electrons are electrons found on the outermost shell of an atom. They are the electrons in an atom that participate in chemical combination. Recall that the outermost shell of an atom is also referred to as its valence shell. Let us consider an example; if we look at the atom, sodium-11, its electronic configuration is 2,8,1. The last one electron is the valence electron of sodium which is found in its outermost or valence shell.

Positive ions are formed when electrons are lost from the valence shell of an atom. For instance, if the outermost electron in sodium is lost, we now form the sodium ion Na^+ which is a positive ion. Positive ions possess less number of electrons compared to their corresponding atoms.

Negative ions are formed when one or more electrons is added to the valence shell of an atom. A negative ion possesses more electrons than its corresponding atom. For example, chlorine(Cl) contains 17 electrons but the chloride ion (Cl^-) contains 18 electrons.

In molecular compounds, a bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the bonding atoms. Each bonding atom may contribute one of the shared electrons (ordinary covalent bond) or one of the bonding atoms may provide the both shared electrons (coordinate covalent bond). The shared pair may be located at an equidistant position to the nucleus of both atoms. Similarly, the electron may be drawn closer to the nucleus of one atom than the other (polar covalent bond) depending on the electro negativity of the two bonding atoms.

The electrons are shared in order to complete the octet of each atom by so doing, the both bonding atoms now obey the octet rule. For example, two chlorine atoms may come together to form a covalent bond in which each chlorine atom has an octet of electrons on its outermost shell.

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Explain how you would use the IR spectra to characterize ferrocene, acetyl ferrocene and diacetyl ferrocene.
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Answer:

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Explanation:

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6 0
3 years ago
Describe the Rutherford model... and and what are its limitation...<br><br>going offline forever ✌️​
SashulF [63]

Answer:

Limitations of Rutherford Atomic Model

Although the Rutherford atomic model was based on experimental observations it failed to explain certain things. Rutherford proposed that the electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths called orbits. ... Ultimately the electrons would collapse in the nucleus.

8 0
2 years ago
Which of the following would not be an isotope of carbon-12? A. Carbon-14 B. Carbon-13 C. Boron-12 D. Carbon-11
Oliga [24]
C because it isn't carbon
6 0
2 years ago
. What is a carbonyl group? Draw the carbonyl groups that are characteristic of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters
Elan Coil [88]

Answer :

  • Carbonyl group : It is a functional group composed of a carbon atom that double bonded to oxygen atom. It is represented as C=O

Carboxylic group : It is the class of organic compound in which the carboxylic (-COOH) group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as carboxylic.

The general formula of carboxylic is, C_nH_{2n+1}COOH. According to the IUPAC naming, the carboxylic are named as alkanoic acids.

Aldehyde group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-CHO) group is attached to a hydrocarbon is known as aldehyde.

The general representation of aldehyde is, R-CHO. According to the IUPAC naming, the aldehyde are named as alkanals.

Ketone group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-CO) group is directly attached to the two alkyl group of carbon is known as ketone.

The general representation of ketone is, R-CO-R^'. According to the IUPAC naming, the ketone are named as alkanone.

Ester group : It is the class of organic compound in which the (-COO) group is directly attached to the two alkyl group of carbon is known as ester.

The general representation of ester is, R-COO-R^'. According to the IUPAC naming, the ester are named as alkyl alkanoate.

6 0
3 years ago
What happens to an electron when it emits a photon
Flura [38]

Answer:

when electron emit the radiations it means it jumped to the lower energy level from higher energy level.

Explanation:

When electron jump into lower energy level from high energy level it loses the energy.

The process is called de-excitation.

Excitation:

When the energy is provided to the atom the electrons by absorbing the energy jump to the higher energy levels. This process is called excitation. The amount of energy absorbed by the electron is exactly equal to the energy difference of orbits.

De-excitation:

When the excited electron fall back to the lower energy levels the energy is released in the form of radiations. this energy is exactly equal to the energy difference between the orbits. The characteristics bright colors are due to the these emitted radiations. These emitted radiations can be seen if they are fall in the visible region of spectrum.

7 0
3 years ago
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