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<span>Answer: the average kinetic energy of the particles.
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<span>Jusitification:
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<span>Temperature and heat energy are closely related.
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<span>While heat is the kinetic energy of the particles of a substance which is transferred from a hotter substance to a cooler one, the temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
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<span>The relatively high kinetic energy the particles of a warm substance is transferred to the cooler one by the motion (vibration or translation) of the atoms of molecules. The energy transferred is heat energy.</span>
Answer: The reaction is exothermic reaction as the energy of products is less than the energy of reactants.
Explanation: Exothermic reactions are defined as the reactions in which energy of the product is less than the energy of the reactants. The total energy is released in the form of heat and 
for the reaction comes out to be negative.
Labeling of the parts in the diagram:
A represents the activation energy which is the energy required by reactants to cross the energy barrier to get converted to products.
E represents the potential energy of the reactants.
B represents the activated complex.
D represents the potential energy of the products.
C represents the total enthalpy change of the reaction, which comes out to be negative for exothermic reactions.
Answer:
Explanation:
Ionic bonds result from transfer of electrons, whereas covalent bonds are formed by sharing. 2. Ionic bonds are electrostatic in nature, resulting from that attraction of positive and negative ions that result from the electron transfer process; charge separation between covalently bonded atoms is less extreme.
Answer: The Lattice energy is the energy required to separate an ionic solid into its component gaseous ions <em>or</em>
It is the energy released when gaseous ions combine to form an ionic solid.
Explanation:
The lattice energy depends on the ionization energies and electron affinities of atoms involved in the formation of the compound. The ionization energies and electron affinities also depends on the ionic radius and charges of the ions involved. As the ionic radius for cations <em>increases</em> down the groups, ionization energy <em>decreases</em>, whereas, as ionic radii <em>decreases</em> across the periods , ionization energy <em>increases</em>. The trend observed for anions is that as ionic radii <em>increase </em>down the groups, electron affinity <em>decreases. </em>Across the period, as ionic radii <em>increases</em> electron affinity <em>increases</em>. Also, as the charge on the ion <em>increases,</em> it leads to an <em>increase</em> in energy requirement/content.
Therefore, for compounds formed from cations and anions in the same period, the highest charged cation and anion will have the highest lattice energy. For example, among the following compounds: Al2O3 (aluminium oxide), AlCl3 (aluminium chloride), MgO, MgCl2 (magnesium chloride), NaCl, Na2O (sodium oxide); Al2O3(aluminium oxide) will have the highest lattice energy, thus will be hardest to break apart because its ions have the highest charge.
