Answer:

Explanation:
From the question we are told that:
Plane strain fracture toughness of 
Y value 
Stress level of
Generally the equation for length of a surface crack is mathematically given by



Therefore
in mm

Answer:
F = 8552.7N
Explanation:
We need first our values, that are,

We start to calculate the relative velocity, that is,

With the relative velocity we can calculate the mass flow rate, given by,



We need to define the Force in the direction of the flow,




Answer:
#See solution for details.
Explanation:
#The commutative property of multiplication tells us that it doesn't matter in what order you multiply numbers. The formula for this property is a * b = b * a:

Hence, the product of the four numbers remains 320,000 irrespective of their order.
Answer:
μ=0.329, 2.671 turns.
Explanation:
(a) ln(T2/T1)=μβ β=angle of contact in radians
take T2 as greater tension value and T1 smaller, otherwise the friction would be opposite.
T2=5000 lb and T1=80 lb
we have two full turns which makes total angle of contact=4π radians
μ=ln(T2/T1)/β=(ln(5000/80))/4π
μ=0.329
(b) using the same relation as above we will now compute the angle of contact.
take greater tension as T2 and smaller as T1.
T2=20000 lb T1=80 lb μ=0.329
β=ln(20000/80)/0.329=16.7825 radians
divide the angle of contact by 2π to obtain number of turns.
16.7825/2π =2.671 turns