The isotopes contribute to the average atomic mass based on their abundance. The result is that the "average" mass for the atoms of an element is dictated by the most abundant or common isotope. The average atomic mass for carbon is 12.0107 amu.
The atomic mass as displayed on the periodic table is a weighted average relative atomic mass of the naturally occuring isotopes of that element.
An isotope is an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
For example - Carbon naturally occurs in isotopes C12, C13 and C14 with abundances of 98.9% 1.1% and 'trace' respectively.
the average mass is then calculated by 12*98.9%+13*1.1% = 12.01g/mol
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B: leaving metal outside in the rain until rust forms an it's surface
Most of the mass is located in the nucleus as suggested by Rutherford's gold foil experiment.
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Replacement-Level Fertility
Another important population characteristic that differ btw develop nation and developing nations is relates to births is replacement-level fertility. Replacement-level fertility is the fertility rate that will result in the replacement of the parents in the population. Again, in an ideal world, the human replacement-level fertility rate would be exactly two. This would mean that each couple would produce two offspring that would replace them in the population. If this occurred, then the human population would stay at a stable rate
Because of symmetry electric field component in the x axis cancels out. Now just use electric field formula and slap that sine of theta cause you want the vertical component of electric field and multiply that by two since there’s two charges. I’ve shown my work. Hope it helps✌
