Answer:
Adaptive immune defense system consists of lymphocytes like B-lymphocytes and T- lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes provides humoral immunity while T- lymphocytes provide cell-mediated immunity to the body.
99% of lymphocytes circulate freely in the blood and lymph. B lymphocytes differentiate into plasma B cells and B memory cells when interact with antigen presented by T helper cells.
Then plasma cells secrete antibodies in the circulation which binds to extracellular antigens through antigen-binding site. Then the bounded antigen is recognized by receptors present on phagocytic cells. This receptor binds the Fc region of antigen bounded antibody and destroy the antigen by phagocytosis.
In eukaryotic cells the DNA can be found in the nucleus mainly. so DNA replication takes place in the nucleus during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Also in eukaryotic cells there are mitochondria and chloroplasts (plants) and these have circular DNA and they also get replicated (according to their own mechanism).
Prokaryotic cells don't contain a nucleus. They do not contain DNA in the cytoplasm and thus the DNA replication will take place here.
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Answer:
These organisms should be adapted to live in this enviroment, i.e., they need to have adaptations to breathe, to swim (fins), streamlined bodies to move through the water, to eat the food found in the region, etc. Moreover, in this environment, the diversity tends to be high because marine regions are often characterized by their richness.
Answer: Respiration in Animals.
Explanation:
This is a body systems which involves the intake of oxygen, and the release of carbon dioxide ,(breathing),for the breakdown of digested food substances for example (glucose), to generate energy.
Most organisms make s use of oxygen for survival they are aerobes, while some organisms thrived in absence of Oxygen; these are anaerobes.The
