Answer:
This protein consists of 8 subunits of equal size linked by disulfide bonds
Explanation:
The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) is a technique widely used in molecular biology laboratories to separate proteins with molecular weights between 5 and 250 kDa. SDS is an anionic detergent used to denature proteins before electrophoresis. SDS can denature proteins by altering non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen, hydrophobic and ionic interactions, but they cannot cleave disulfide bonds. In this case, reducing agents (e.g., β-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol) have been used to cleave disulfide bonds.
An increase in alcohol consumption
Alcohol can boost GABA activity in the brain in one of two ways: either by acting on the presynaptic cell, which increases GABA release, or. It can influence the postsynaptic (i.e., signal-receiving) neuron, promoting the GABAA receptor's activation.
The brain circuits that regulate motivational processes, such as arousal, reward, and stress, are altered by chronic alcohol consumption. These modifications impact systems that use dopamine, opioid peptides, -aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and serotonin as signaling molecules as well as systems that control the brain's stress response. Frequent episodes of intoxication, obsession with alcohol, use of alcohol in spite of negative effects, and a need to seek out and use alcohol are all signs of alcoholism developing.
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The answer is either a or c
