Answer:
e. regenerates a three-carbon molecule and alcoholic fermentation does not.
Explanation:
Lactic acid fermentation includes the reduction of pyruvate into lactate. Lactate is a three-carbon molecule. Reduction of pyruvate into lactate also regenerate NAD+ required to continue the process of glycolysis.
Alcoholic fermentation includes decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetaldehyde followed by its reduction of alcohol. The alcohol formed as end product is a two-carbon molecule (ethanol). Here, NADH serves as electron donor and is oxidized into NAD+. Therefore, both the process regenerate NAD+ but ethanol fermentation does not regenerate the three-carbon molecule since one carbon is lost as CO2.
Study of the analogy i.e., the convergent evolution of the birds would help in that case. If we study the analogy of the birds, we would be able to know about the environment that they live in. For example, if the birds have the granivorous features, then it is confirmed that lived in or near a forested environment. The birds or animals, in general, adapt themselves to live in a particular condition or climate, without which they would die. Therefore, typical features of the birds provide information about their habitat.
When modern and fossil birds have similar features, that means that both birds lived in a similar type of climatic conditions and thus, did not had to change or adapt themselves differently.
The logistic model takes the shape of a sigmoid curve and describes the growth of apopulation as exponential, followed by a decrease in growth, and bound by a carrying capacity due to environmental pressure
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The logistic model takes the shape of a sigmoid curve and describes the growth of a population as exponential, followed by a decrease in growth, and bound by a carrying capacity due to environmental pressure
Scanning electron microscope