Often, the rock layers bookending the mass extinction are noticeably different in their compositions. These changes in the rocks show the effects of environmental disturbances that triggered the mass extinction and sometimes hint at the catastrophic cause of the extinction
The surface would be flat
<u>Answer:</u> The net ionic equation is written below.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Net ionic equation of any reaction does not include any spectator ions.
Spectator ions are defined as the ions which does not get involved in a chemical equation. They are found on both the sides of the chemical reaction when it is present in ionic form.
The chemical equation for the reaction of sodium carbonate and nickel (II) chloride is given as:

Ionic form of the above equation follows:

As, sodium and chloride ions are present on both the sides of the reaction. Thus, it will not be present in the net ionic equation and are spectator ions.
The net ionic equation for the above reaction follows:

Hence, the net ionic equation is written above.
Mass of copper : 0.165 g
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Given
5.0 A over 100 seconds
Required
Mass of copper
Solution
Faraday's law:
<em>The mass of the substance formed at each electrode is proportional to the electric current flowing in the electrolysis</em>
<em />
<em />
e = Ar / valence = eqivalent weight
i = current
t = time
W = weight
CuSO₄ ----> Cu²⁺ + SO₄²⁻
Cu ----> Cu²⁺ + 2e
e = Ar/2
= 63,5/2 = 31,75
