Substance A is ionic because in molten and aqueous solution conduct electricity and dissolves in water. This is because it dissociate in ions and ion conduct electicity and dissolve in polar molecules (water). Ionic bond is very strong (high melting point). Substance B non polar covalent, because it is not dissolve in polar molecules and has weak intermolecular forces (low melting point). Substance C is polar covalent because polar molecules have stronger intermolecular forces than non-polar and higher melting points.
Answer: Ionic bond is formed by the opposite ions attraction between the 2 atoms in an ionically bonded compound. The two ions i.e. Cation and Anions are formed by oxidation and reduction reactions respectively. General Ionic formula is as follow,
Mⁿ⁺ + Nⁿ⁻ → MN where; Mⁿ⁺ = Cation
Nⁿ⁻ = Anion
MN = Salt
Explanation: Ionic bond is the electrostatic forces of attraction between positively charged cations and negatively charged Anions. These forces are very stronger resulting in increasing several physical properties of Ionic compounds like melting point and boiling point e.t.c.
Example:
Sodium Chloride: NaCl is formed by Na⁺ cation and Cl⁻ anion as follow,
The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
In science, we like to develop explanations that we can use to predict the outcome of events and phenomena. Try to develop an explanation that tells how much NaOH needs to be added to a beaker of HCl to cause the color to change. Your explanation can be something like: The color change will occur when [some amount] of NaOH is added because the color change occurs when [some condition]. The goal for your explanation is that it describes the outcome of this example, but can also be used to predict the outcome of other examples of this phenomenon. Here's an example explanation: The color of the solution will change when 40 ml of NaOH is added to a beaker of HCl because the color always changes when 40ml of base is added. Although this explanation works for this example, it probably won't work in examples where the flask contains a different amount of HCl, such as 30ml. Try to make an explanation that accurately predicts the outcome of other versions of this phenomenon.
Solution :
Consider the equation of the reaction between NaOH and
NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) +
The above equation tells us that of reacts with of .
So at the equivalence point, the moles of NaOH added = moles of present.
If the volume of the taken = mL and the conc. of = mole/L
The volume of NaOH added up to the color change = mole/L
Moles of taken = moles.
The color change will occur when the moles of NaOH added is equal to the moles of taken.
Thus when
or when
or mL of NaOH added, we observe the color change.
Where are the volume and molarity of the taken.
is the molarity of NaOH added.
When both the NaOH and are of the same concentrations, i.e. if , then
Or the 40 mL of will need 40 mL of NaOH for a color change and
30 mL of would need 30 mL of NaOH for the color change (provided the concentration )
As first step we have the <u>attack of the OH group</u> to the P atom in the PCl3 and one of the Cl atoms would leave. Then we will have a <u>rearrangement</u> to produce a <u>double bond </u>with the oyxgen on the OH. Finally the Cl produced will a<u>ttack the carbon</u> in a <u>Sn2 substitution reaction</u> to produce the halide with an <u>opposite configuration</u>.