Answer:
Percentage Yield is given as,
%age Yield = Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield × 100
This shows that the %age yield is directly depending upon the actual yield. And most of the time the percentage yield is less than 100 % because of the following factors.
Impure Starting Materials:
If the starting materials (reactants) are not pure then reaction will not completely form the desired product. Different by products will form which will decrease the %age yield.
Incomplete Reactions:
Not all reactions go to completion. In many reactions the starting material after some time stops forming the product due to different conditions. Some reactions attain equilibrium and stop increasing the amount of product. While, in some reactions a by products (like water) formed often react with the product to give a reverse reactions. Hence, the chemistry of reactions also causes the decrease in %age yield.
Handling:
Another major reason for decrease in yield is handling the product. Always some of the product is lost during the workup of the reaction like, taking TLC, doing solvent extraction, doing column chromatography, taking characterization spectrums. So, we can conclude that the %age yield will always be less than 100%.
The answer in the given sentence above is the financial
responsibility law as this law provides operators and owners to be held liable
of the damages that they had provided or injuries that has proven to be their
fault and they would likely provide financial support or payment to those
affected.
Answer:-
Electrons or Protons
Explanation:-
Atomic number (Z) is defined as:
>>“The total number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is called atomic number”. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons and electrons.
>>“The total number of protons in the nucleus or electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom”.
Example:
For instance, Hydrogen has the Atomic number(Z) 1.
Helium has the atomic number 2.
Oxygen has the atomic number 8.
| Note | Atomic number is represented by “Z”. And some ppl don’t consider the 2nd definition it’s upto u to do both or the standard one.
The half life of uranium- 238 is
4.46 x10^9 years
Explanation
Half life is the time taken for the radioactivity of a isotope to fall to half its original value.
The original mass of uranium-238 is 4.0 mg
Half of original mass of uranium = 4.0 mg /2 = 2.0 mg
since it take 4.46 x 10^ 9 years for the sample to half the half life of uranium -238 = 4.46 x10^9 years
Answer:
a stable octet state
Explanation:
a stable octet state is when all the energy levels of the atoms are filled with electrons and they are stabe