Answer:
malai tah navatako awsatha haha halka ramaila lo hoho vadragol
Answer:
thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
Explanation:
The complete question is as follows:
Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires coupling to GTP hydrolysis. Based on this information, peptide bonds under physiological conditions are:
A. both thermodynamically and kinetically stable.
B.thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
C.thermodynamically stable but kinetically unstable.
D. both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable.
- The term thermodynamically unstable refers to the fact that the peptide bonds are prone to breakage under physiological conditions.
- The reason why one can conclude the thermodynamic instability of the peptide bonds under physiological condition is that there is a need for a source of energy i.e. GTP hydrolysis for the formation of the peptide bond.
- The fact that the breakage of peptide does not require any input of energy but the only formation does confirms the fact that under physiological conditions they are thermodynamically unstable.
- Even though they are thermodynamically unstable, they are kinetically stable because both the formation and degradation require enzymes.
- The function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy and hence, increase the rate of reaction. This means that if the enzymes are absent the rate of breakage of peptide bonds would be really slow this points out to the fact that they are kinetically stable under physiological conditions.
Answer:
1.Carbon is small and has four valence electrons; these factors combine into a unique structure that allows it to easily make a chain of carbon atoms. It creates covalent bonds — the strongest bonds between atoms. A covalent bond is one where atoms share electrons to form a bond.
2.But what makes carbon unique is that it can bond with other carbon atoms to create long carbon chains and rings. No other element is capable of forming molecules as large and complex as carbon based molecules (think about it—without carbon chains and rings, there could be no DNA!)
3.Because the carbon-carbon bond is stronger than the silicon-silicon bond, carbon compounds stay together in water while silicon compounds break apart. Besides this, another probable reason for the dominance of carbon-based molecules on Earth is the abundance of oxygen.
*Hope it helped*
Explanation:
