Answer:
635 years old
Explanation:
The light reaching the earth from the sun will travel at a speed called the speed of light, and this has a universal value of 3 × 10⁸ m/s. Bearing this in mind, let us calculate the age of the light reaching the Earth from the sun:
Distance of star from Earth = 6.1 × 10⁸m
Speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s
We have distance and speed, let us calculate the time of travel of the light from the star to the earth.
Distance = speed × time
6.1 × 10⁸ = 3 × 10⁸ × time

In order to do the division above, we will divide the whole numbers normally, then we will apply the law of indices to the power that says:
Xᵃ ÷ Xᵇ = X⁽ᵃ⁻ᵇ⁾

Next, we are told that there are 3.2 × 10⁷ seconds in a year.
∴ The number of years travelled by the light from the star:

please note that:
2.03 × 10¹⁰ = 20300000000
3.2 × 10⁷ = 32000000

The closest answer in the option is 635 years, and we are short of this by some points due probably to approximations in the calculation.
The vertical component is B) 7.9 m/s
Explanation:
A vector can be resolved into its horizontal and vertical components. The horizontal and the vertical components form the sides of a right triangle, in which the resultant corresponds to the hypothenuse, so we can use Pythagorean's theorem:

where
R is the resultant vector
Rx is the horizontal component
Ry is the vertical component
In this problem, we have:
R = 12 m/s is the resultant vector
Rx = 9 m/s is the horizontal component
Solving the formula for Ry, we find the vertical component:

Learn more about vector components:
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To calculate the average acceleration of the ball we use the formula,

Here,
is the final velocity of the ball and
is the initial velocity of the ball t is the time in contact with the wall.
Given
towards the wall and 
away from the wall and
.
Substituting these values in above formula , we get

Here
is negative because ball is moving away from the wall.

Therefore, average acceleration of the ball is
(away from the wall).