Explanation:

According to mass action,
![\textrm{rate}=-\dfrac{\Delta[\textrm A]}{2\Delta t}=k[\textrm A]^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctextrm%7Brate%7D%3D-%5Cdfrac%7B%5CDelta%5B%5Ctextrm%20A%5D%7D%7B2%5CDelta%20t%7D%3Dk%5B%5Ctextrm%20A%5D%5E2)
Where, k is the rate constant
So,
![\dfrac{d[A]}{dt}=-k[A]^2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdfrac%7Bd%5BA%5D%7D%7Bdt%7D%3D-k%5BA%5D%5E2)
Integrating and applying limits,
![\int_{[A_t]}^{[A_0]}\frac{d[A]}{[A]^2}=-\int_{0}^{t}kdt](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cint_%7B%5BA_t%5D%7D%5E%7B%5BA_0%5D%7D%5Cfrac%7Bd%5BA%5D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5E2%7D%3D-%5Cint_%7B0%7D%5E%7Bt%7Dkdt)
we get:
![\dfrac{1}{[A]} = \dfrac{1}{[A]_0}+kt](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5BA%5D%7D%20%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5BA%5D_0%7D%2Bkt)
Where,
is the concentration at time t
is the initial concentration
Half life is the time when the concentration reduced to half.
So, ![[A_t]=\frac{1}{2}\times [A_0]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA_t%5D%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5Ctimes%20%5BA_0%5D)
Applying in the equation as:
![t_{1/2}=\dfrac{1}{k[A_o]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=t_%7B1%2F2%7D%3D%5Cdfrac%7B1%7D%7Bk%5BA_o%5D%7D)
Answer:
Isotopes
Explanation:
Isotopes are the same element with different masses because of the different number of neutrons. Also, the element doesn't change. If we change the protons, the element will change and then it won't be an isotope. Hope it helps!
Answer: it is C, why molecules have different shapes.
Explanation:
A P E X
A. I think I’m that’s what it is
Structural formula of a molecule shows:
a. the arrangement of bonded atoms
b. the number of ionic bonds
c. the number of metallic bonds
d. the shapes of molecular orbitals