Define physical change and give an example
2 answers:
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Answer:
The specific heat of copper is
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The amount of energy contributed by each oscillating lattice site is
The atomic mass of copper is
The atomic mass of aluminum is
The specific heat of aluminum is
The objective of this solution is to obtain the specific heat of copper
Now specific heat can be defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by
The general equation for specific heat is
Where is the change in temperature
is the change in internal energy
The internal energy is mathematically evaluated as
Where is the Boltzmann constant with a value of
T is the room temperature
n is the number of atoms in a substance
Generally number of atoms in mass of an element can be obtained using the mathematical operation
Where is the Avogadro's number with a constant value of
M is the atomic mass of the element
m actual mass of the element
So the number of atoms in 1 kg of copper is evaluated as
The number of atom is
Now substituting the equation for internal energy into the equation for specific heat
Substituting values
The question is missing a part, so the complete question is as follows:
The protein catalase catalyzes the reaction The Malcolm Bladrigde National Quality Awards aims to: 2H2O2 (aq) ⟶ 2H2O (l) + O2 (g) and has a Michaelis-Menten constant of KM = 25mM and a turnover number of 4.0 × 10 7 s -1. The total enzyme concentration is 0.012 μM and the intial substrate concentration is 5.14 μM. Catalase has a single active site. Calculate the value of Rmax (often written as Vmax) for this enzyme. Calculate the initial rate, R (often written as V0), of this reaction.
1) Calculate Rmax
The turnover number (Kcat) is a ratio of how many molecules of substrate can be converted into product per catalytic site of a given concentration of enzyme per unit of time:
Kcat = ,
where:
Vmax is maximum rate of reaction when all the enzyme sites are saturated with substrate
Et is total enzyme concentration or concentration of total enzyme catalytic sites.
Calculating:
Kcat =
Vmax = Kcat · Et
Vmax = 4× · 1.2 ×
Vmax = 4.8 × M
2) Calculate the initial rate of this reaction (R):
The Michaelis-Menten equation studies the dynamics of an enzymatic reaction. This model can explain how an enzyme enhances the rate of a reaction and how the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the enzyme and its substrate. The equation is:
V0 = , where:
[S] is the substrate's concentration
KM is the Michaelis-Menten constant
Substituting [S] = 5.14 × , KM = 2.5 ×
and Vmax = 4.8 ×
, the result is V0 = 0.478 M.
The answers are Vmax = 4.8 × M and V0 = 0.478 M.