This drug inhibits the growth of bacterial cells but not human cells. This is an example of the selective toxicity of antibiotics.
Folic acid is an essential component for all cells to synthesize nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Human cells do not synthesize folic acid and they take it through food. Bacterial cells are impermeable to folic acid and hence they need to synthesize their own folic acid.
Antibiotics target the metabolic pathway of folic acid synthesis in bacteria by inhibiting one of the enzymes in this pathway. These drugs are only toxic to bacteria but not to humans because humans do not have the folic acid synthesis pathway and hence they do not get affected by the action of the antibiotic. This is known as the selective toxicity of antibiotics.
These antibiotics are designed in a way to target the infecting agent (bacteria) while rendering minimal or no toxicity to the host (humans).
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The biological species concept is the most widely accepted species concept. It defines species in terms of interbreeding.
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Answer and Explanation:
The columns of the periodic table are able to inform the number and type of connection that the elements can make. This is because the number of each column informs the number of electrons in the valence layer of the elements. The amount of electrons in the valence layer is what determines the amount and type of bond that the elements make. The elements in column 1, for example, have 1 electron in the valence layer and therefore will make 1 covalent bond. The elements of columns 15, as another example, have 5 electrons in the valence layer and will need to make 3 ionic or covalent bonds.
Answer:
In women, estrogen is produced mainly in the ovaries. Ovaries are grape-sized glands located by the uterus and are part of the endocrine system. Estrogen is also produced by fat cells and the adrenal glands.
