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The first law of thermodynamics states the conservation of energy and heat where the total energy in an isolated system may be transformed into another, but never created or destroyed. If 286 J of energy was released to the room, then also 286 J of energy was also removed from food in that refrigerator assuming it is an isolated system. :)

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When the lights of an automobile are switched on, an ammeter in series with them reads 12 A and a voltmeter connected across the

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Answer:

a) Emf of battery = 15.6 V

b) Current through the starting motor = 104 A

Explanation:

The image for the question seem not to be attached but, when the starting motor wasn't connected, the lights are in series with the battery connection and when the starting motor is connected, it is in parallel with the lights.

a) For this part, we use the information when the starting motor isn't connected.

Let the emf of the battery be E = ?

The voltage across the terminals be V = 15 V

Let the internal resistance of the battery be R = 0.05 ohms

And the current in the circuit be I = 12 A

Since the internal resistance is modelled to be in series with the battery, the loop equation for this circuit will be

E = V + IR

E = 15 + (12)(0.05) = 15 + 0.6 = 15.6 V

From this information now, we can obtain the resistance of the lights.

From Ohm's law,

Voltage across the lights = 15 V

Current through the lights = 12 A

Resistance of the lights = R₀

V = IR₀

R₀ = (15/12) = 1.25 ohms

b) Now, the starting motor is connected and the resistance in the circuit is if the form

Internal resistance in series with the parallel combination of resistance of starting motor and the resistance of the lights.

Current through the lights = 8.0 A

Voltage across the lights = IR₀ = 8×1.25 = 10 V.

Since the starting motor is in parallel with the lights, they will have the same voltage across them, that is, 10 V

But the voltage across the internal resistance = (Emf of battery) - (Voltage across the parallel combination of lights and starting motor) = 15.6 - 10 = 5.6 V

Current through the internal resistance = (5.6/0.05) = 112 A

Current through the starting motor = 112 - 8 = 104 A

Hope this Helps!!!