Answer:
$56,000 Favorable
Explanation:
The computation of the flexible-budget amount for variable manufacturing overhead is shown below
The Budgeted machine hours per unit os
= 24,000 ÷ 8,000
= 3
The Budgeted machine hours allowed for 8,500 units is
= 8,500 × 3
= 25,500
Now the Budgeted variable overhead rate per machine hour is
= $288,000 ÷ 24,000
= $12.00
Now
Flexible-budget amount is
= 25,500 × $12.00
= $306,000
So, the Flexible-budget variance is
= $250,000 - $306,000
= $56,000 Favorable
Answer:
a. the development of railroad cars that could haul cattle.
Explanation:
The abrupt end of long distance cattle drives in 1885 was primarily due to the development of railroad cars that could haul cattle.
It was the advent of expanding rail road lines that terminated the cattle drive through Kansas because the end points of the cattle trail shifted to meet expanding railroad lines.
It was logical that as the railroads expanded to meet the cattle drive, one had to give way to the other because cattle do stray and trains could haul cattle
B. That is duplicated reach
Explanation:
The long-running debate between the ‘rational design’ and ‘emergent process’ schools of strategy formation has involved caricatures of firms' strategic planning processes, but little empirical evidence of whether and how companies plan. Despite the presumption that environmental turbulence renders conventional strategic planning all but impossible, the evidence from the corporate sector suggests that reports of the demise of strategic planning are greatly exaggerated. The goal of this paper is to fill this empirical gap by describing the characteristics of the strategic planning systems of multinational, multibusiness companies faced with volatile, unpredictable business environments. In-depth case studies of the planning systems of eight of the world's largest oil companies identified fundamental changes in the nature and role of strategic planning since the end of the 1970s. The findings point to a possible reconciliation of ‘design’ and ‘process’ approaches to strategy formulation. The study pointed to a process of planned emergence in which strategic planning systems provided a mechanism for coordinating decentralized strategy formulation within a structure of demanding performance targets and clear corporate guidelines. The study shows that these planning systems fostered adaptation and responsiveness, but showed limited innovation and analytical sophistication
