Answer:
a) Ammonium ion: NH₄⁺, ammonia: NH₃.
b)Magnesium sulfide: MgS, magnesium sulfite: MgSO₃, magnesium sulfate: MgSO₄.
c) Chloric acid: HClO₃, chlorous acid HClO₂.
d) Cupric bromide: CuBr₂, cuprous bromide: CuBr.
Explanation:
a) Ammonia is the neutral substance, which as molecular formula NH₃ when it gains a proton, it becomes the ammonium ion NH₄⁺.
b) In the name of salts, first, it comes the cation name, in this case, all the cations are the magnesium (Mg²⁺). The ions of sulfur can be oxidized or not, the termination "ide" indicates the non-oxidized ion (S⁻²), "ite" the less oxidized (SO₃⁻²), and "ate" the more oxidized (SO₄⁻²). To do the molecular formula, the charges are replaced without the signals and put down. If they are equal, the number is not put.
Magnesium sulfide: MgS
Magnesium sulfite: MgSO₃
Magnesium sulfate: MgSO₄
c) The acids can be oxidized or not, when it has no oxygens, the name is given "hydro" + the anion name, as hydrochloric acid (HCl). When there's oxygen in the molecule, the more oxidized is name as "'per" + anion name + "ic", the second more oxidized as anion name + "ic", the second less oxidized as anion name + "us", and the less oxidized as "hypo" + anion name + "us". In this case:
chloric acid: HClO₃
chlorous acid HClO₂
d) The salts of copper are named depends on the oxidation number of the cupper. The one with a higher oxidation number( +2) is called cupric, and the other (+1), cuprous. Thus:
cupric bromide: CuBr₂ (oxidation number = +2)
cuprous bromide: CuBr (oxidation number = +1)
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