How do you solve a constant rate problem?

kicyunya [14]

Answer:

$\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx = \frac{1}{8} \bigg( e^\Big{\frac{4}{25}} - e^\Big{\frac{4}{81}} \bigg)$

General Formulas and Concepts:

Calculus

Differentiation

Derivative Property [Multiplied Constant]: $\displaystyle \frac{d}{dx} [cf(x)] = c \cdot f'(x)$

Basic Power Rule:

Integration

Integration Rule [Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 1]: $\displaystyle \int\limits^b_a {f(x)} \, dx = F(b) - F(a)$

Integration Property [Multiplied Constant]: $\displaystyle \int {cf(x)} \, dx = c \int {f(x)} \, dx$

U-Substitution

Step-by-step explanation:

Step 1: Define

Identify

$\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx$

Step 2: Integrate Pt. 1

Identify variables for u-substitution.

Set u: $\displaystyle u = 4x^{-2}$
[u] Differentiate [Basic Power Rule, Derivative Properties]: $\displaystyle du = \frac{-8}{x^3} \ dx$
[Bounds] Switch: $\displaystyle \left \{ {{x = 9 ,\ u = 4(9)^{-2} = \frac{4}{81}} \atop {x = 5 ,\ u = 4(5)^{-2} = \frac{4}{25}}} \right.$

Step 3: Integrate Pt. 2

[Integral] Rewrite [Integration Property - Multiplied Constant]: $\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx = \frac{-1}{8}\int\limits^9_5 {\frac{-8}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx$
[Integral] U-Substitution: $\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx = \frac{-1}{8}\int\limits^{\frac{4}{81}}_{\frac{4}{25}} {e^\big{u}} \, du$
[Integral] Exponential Integration: $\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx = \frac{-1}{8}(e^\big{u}) \bigg| \limits^{\frac{4}{81}}_{\frac{4}{25}}$
Evaluate [Integration Rule - Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 1]: $\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx = \frac{-1}{8} \bigg( e^\Big{\frac{4}{81}} - e^\Big{\frac{4}{25}} \bigg)$
Simplify: $\displaystyle \int\limits^9_5 {\frac{1}{x^3}e^\big{4x^{-2}}} \, dx = \frac{1}{8} \bigg( e^\Big{\frac{4}{25}} - e^\Big{\frac{4}{81}} \bigg)$