- NH₃: Hydrogen bonds;
- CCl₄: London Dispersion Forces; (a.k.a. Induced dipole)
- HCl: Dipole-dipole Interactions.
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Relative strength of intermolecular forces in small molecules:
Hydrogen bonds > Dipole-dipole interactions > London DIspersion Forces.
It takes two conditions for molecules in a substance to form <em>hydrogen bonds</em>.
- They shall contain at least one of the three bonds: H-F, O-H, or N-H.
- They shall contain at least one lone pair of electrons.
NH₃ contains N-H bonds. The central nitrogen atom in an NH₃ molecule has one lone pair of electrons. NH₃ meets both conditions; it is capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
CCl₄ molecules are nonpolar. The molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. Dipole from the polar C-Cl bonds cancel out due to symmetry. The molecule is nonpolar overall. As a result, only London Dispersion Force is possible between CCl₄ molecules.
HCl molecules are polar. The H-Cl bond is fairly polar. The HCl molecule is asymmetric, such that the dipole won't cancel out. The molecule is overall polar. Both dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion Force are possible between HCl molecules. However, dipole-dipole interactions are most predominant among the two.
Just use a solubility chart! Find the cation on the far left and the anion on the top and find where they connect. If it says "s," it is not soluble. If it says "aq," it is soluble. Here, ZnF (Zinc Fluoride) is soluble. Hope that helps! :)
P.S. Not all of the compounds above are on this particular chart. In future problems, just google "solubility chart" until you find one with all of the compounds you need to look at.
I think the answer would be dependent variable. An unknown or changeable quantity is called a dependent variable. It <span>is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.</span>
<span><span>Number of Protons-19 </span><span>Number of Neutrons-20 </span><span>Number of Electrons-<span>19</span></span></span>
