Hydrogen bonds are typically stronger than Van der Waals forces bc they are based on permanent dipoles, that form when hydrogen comes in vicinity of a highly electronegative atom (like F, N, or O). These bonds are long-lasting and pretty strong.
Answer:
There's no passage but I can say that matter are that ''thing'' which extend through all Universe, matter is everything. It can be seen or felt as liquid, gas or solid. This changes of its state depend on the amount of energy that is involved.
So, here is used categorical thinking because is a abstract concept that is hard to understand sometimes. It's abstract when we say that matter is all, not just what we see, but even what we don't see like ''Dark Matter'', which is the majority in the Universe.
The electromagnet and the permanent magnet -- interact with each other as any two magnets do. The positive end of the electromagnet is attracted to the negative pole of the permanent magnetic field, and the negative pole of the electromagnet is repelled by the permanent magnet's negative pole
