Answer:
0.159 \%
Explanation:
The acid will dissociate according to the reaction shown below:-

Given that, pH=3.8
The concentration of can be determined from the expression fo pH as:-
pH = - log ![[H^+]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%2B%5D)
3.8 = - log ![[H^+]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BH%5E%2B%5D)
= 
The initial concentration of RCOOH was 0.10 M, then the percent dissociation was- calculated as shown below:-

Billions of years ago, according to the theory of evolution, chemicals randomly organized themselves into a self-replicating molecule. This spark of life was the seed of every living thing we see today (as well as those we no longer see, like dinosaurs). That simplest life form, through the processes of mutation and natural selection, has been shaped into every living species on the planet.
Answer:
The correct answer is option C.
Explanation:

On increasing the pH of the blood the hydronium ions concentration will decrease which will result in decrease in concentration of hydronium ions at the equilibrium state of hydrogen carbonate.
Le-Chatelier's principle:
This principle states that if there is any change in the variables of the reaction, the equilibrium will shift in the direction to minimize the effect.
According to Le-Chatelier's principle , on decrease in a concentration of the product the equilibrium moves in forward correction to re-establish itself.
So, on increasing the pH, the hydronium ions concentration will decrease which results in disassociation of more hydrogen carbonate to maintain the pH of the blood.
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Answer:
B. Conductivity can be used to calculate the salinity of the water.
I am 100% sure this is the correct answer :)