Negative force
The woman is applying force to stop the child or to prevent him from running.
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The low-mass elements, hydrogen and helium, were produced in the hot, dense conditions of the birth of the universe itself. The birth, life, and death of a star is described in terms of nuclear reactions. The chemical elements that make up the matter we observe throughout the universe were created in these reactions.
Answer:All materials are made up from atoms, and all atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons, have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no electrical charge (that is they are Neutral), while Electrons have a negative electrical charge. Atoms are bound together by powerful forces of attraction existing between the atoms nucleus and the electrons in its outer shell.
All materials are made up from atoms, and all atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons, have a positive electrical charge. Neutrons have no electrical charge (that is they are Neutral), while Electrons have a negative electrical charge. Atoms are bound together by powerful forces of attraction existing between the atoms nucleus and the electrons in its outer shell.
Electrical Voltage
Voltage, ( V ) is the potential energy of an electrical supply stored in the form of an electrical charge. Voltage can be thought of as the force that pushes electrons through a conductor and the greater the voltage the greater is its ability to “push” the electrons through a given circuit. As energy has the ability to do work this potential energy can be described as the work required in joules to move electrons in the form of an electrical current around a circuit from one point or node to another.
Then the difference in voltage between any two points, connections or junctions (called nodes) in a circuit is known as the Potential Difference, ( p.d. ) commonly called the Voltage Drop.
he Potential difference between two points is measured in Volts with the circuit symbol V, or lowercase “v“, although Energy, E lowercase “e” is sometimes used to indicate a generated emf (electromotive force). Then the greater the voltage, the greater is the pressure (or pushing force) and the greater is the capacity to do work.
A constant voltage source is called a DC Voltage with a voltage that varies periodically with time is called an AC voltage. Voltage is measured in volts, with one volt being defined as the electrical pressure required to force an electrical current of one ampere through a resistance of one Ohm. Voltages are generally expressed in Volts with prefixes used to denote sub-multiples of the voltage such as microvolts ( μV = 10-6 V ), millivolts ( mV = 10-3 V ) or kilovolts ( kV = 103 V ). Voltage can be either positive or negative.
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<span>Chemical reactions involving only liquids will be influenced by ALL of the following
EXCEPT: </span><span><span>c) size of reactant particles d) pressure of the system.
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Reason:
1) As per Arrhenius theory, rate of chemical reactions is influence by temperature. Mathematically it is expressed as: k = A exp(-Ea/RT)
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where, k = rate constant, A = collision frequency, Ea = activation energy, T = temp. From above relation, it can be seen that, chemical reactions involving only liquids will be influenced
temperature.
2) Also, if know that, rates of chemical reactions is mathematically expressed as:
![Rate = [A]^{x} B^{y}....](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%20Rate%20%3D%20%5BA%5D%5E%7Bx%7D%20B%5E%7By%7D....%20%20)
,
where A, B, .. are the reactants.
From above relation, it can be seen that, chemical reactions involving only liquids will be influenced
concentration i.e. number of particle.
3) However, since all the reactant and catalyst used (if any) is in liquid state, particle size of same will not influence the reaction.
4) Also, since there are no gas-phase reactant, pressure will not affect the reaction.