The correct option is D.
Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory are expected to hyperpolarize the membrane.
At inhibitory synapses, release of neurotransmitters causes inhibitory postsynaptic potentials or IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization of the presynaptic membrane.
Actually, depolarization and hyperpolarization occurs on neuron when an ion channel in the membrane open or close which can alter the ability of certain types of ions which enter from or exit out of the cell.
Neurotransmitters which is inhibitory have inhibitory effects on the neuron as it means they can decrease the possibility that the neuron will tend to fire an action. Modulatory neurotransmitters can also affect various neurons at the same time which results in the influencing effects of other chemical messengers.
Inhibitory neurotransmitter somehow decreases the action potential of the neuron. When the action potential falls below a certain level which is called threshold potential, the neuron will not be able to generate action potentials and thereby unable to exit the nearest neurons.
So, neurotransmitters are in general expected to hyperpolarize the membrane in some extent.
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Fish,hawk,sparrow and heron
<span>d. only the fittest of sperm and egg combinations will survive.
Others are external fertilization:
</span>a. all of the sperm will fertilize eggs.
b. sperm and egg will be released simultaneously.
c. the number of sperm and eggs produced will be equal.
<span>e. sperm will be protected until they can unite with the eggs.</span><span>
</span>
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
ODD means Oppositional Defiant Disorder while CD means Conduct disorder.
Without initial presence of defiant disorder symptoms, Oppositional defiant disorder are not precursor to the development of conduct disorder.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder are much more predominant in boys than in girls.
According to reseaches carried out,to boys, Oppositional Defiant disorder is a precursor to conduct disorder.