<span>The answer to your question would be:
3. The same</span>
Answer:
The normal strain along an axis oriented 45° from the positive x axis in the clockwise direction is -ε₀/2
Explanation:
Given that

From equation of normal strain in x direction:

Substituting the values:

Answer:
A half-life is the time required for one half of the nuclei in a radio- active isotope to decay.
Explanation:
A radio-active isotope is an isotope which undergoes radioactive decay.
Radioactive decay is a spontaneous process in which the nucleus of an atom changes its state (turning into a different nucleus, or de-exciting), emitting radiation, which can be of three different types: alpha, beta or gamma.
The half-life of a radio-active isotope is the time required for half of the nuclei of the initial sample to decay.
The law of radio-active decay can be expressed as follows:

where
N(t) is the number of undecayed nuclei left at time t
N0 is the initial number of nuclei
t is the time
is the half-life
We see that when
(that means, when 1 half-life has passed), the number of undecayed nuclei left is

So, half of the initial nuclei.
The amount of air resistance<span> an </span>object<span> experiences depends on its speed, its cross-sectional area, its shape and the density of the </span>air<span>. </span>Air<span> densities vary with altitude, temperature and humidity. Nonetheless, 1.29 kg/m</span>3<span> is a very reasonable value. The shape of an </span>object affects<span> the drag coefficient (C</span>d<span>)</span>