Answer: Yes, light can bend around corners. In fact, light always bends around corners to some extent.
Explanation:This is a basic property of light and all other waves. ... The ability of light to bend around corners is also known as "diffraction".
To know this you pretty much do have to kind of memorize a few electronegativities. I don't recall ever getting a table of electronegativities on an exam.
From the structure, you have:
I remember the following electronegativities most because they are fairly patterned:
EN
H
=
2.1
EN
C
=
2.5
EN
N
=
3.0
EN
O
=
3.5
EN
F
=
4.0
EN
Cl
=
3.5
Notice how carbon through fluorine go in increments of
~
0.5
. I believe Pauling made it that way when he determined electronegativities in the '30s.
Δ
EN
C
−
Cl
=
1.0
Δ
EN
C
−
H
=
0.4
Δ
EN
C
−
C
=
0.0
Δ
EN
C
−
O
=
1.0
Δ
EN
O
−
H
=
1.4
So naturally, with the greatest electronegativity difference of
4.0
−
2.5
=
1.5
, the
C
−
F
bond is most polar, i.e. that bond's electron distribution is the most drawn towards the more electronegative compound as compared to the rest.
When the electron distribution is polarized and drawn towards a more electronegative atom, the less electronegative atom has to move inwards because its nucleus was previously favorably attracted to the electrons from the other atom.
That means generally, the greater the electronegativity difference between two atoms is, the shorter you can expect the bond to be, insofar as the electronegative atom is the same size as another comparable electronegative atom.
However, examining actual data, we would see that on average, in conditions without other bond polarizations occuring:
r
C
−
Cl
≈
177 pm
r
C
−
C
≈
154 pm
r
C
−
O
≈
143 pm
r
C
−
F
≈
135 pm
r
C
−
H
≈
109 pm
r
O
−
H
≈
96 pm
So it is not necessarily the least electronegativity difference that gives the longest bond.
Therefore, you cannot simply consider electronegativity. Examining the radii of the atoms, you should notice that chlorine is the biggest atom in the compound.
r
Cl
≈
79 pm
r
C
≈
70 pm
r
H
≈
53 pm
r
O
≈
60 pm
So assuming the answer is truly
C
−
C
, what would have to hold true is that:
The
C
−
F
bond polarization makes the carbon more electropositive (which is true).
The now more electropositive carbon wishes to attract bonding pairs from chlorine closer, thereby shortening the
C
−
Cl
bond, and potentially the
C
−
H
bond (which is probably true).
The shortening of the
C
−
Cl
bond is somehow enough to be shorter than the
C
−
C
bond (this is debatable).
Answer:
The boiling point of milk is close to the boiling point of water, which is 100 degrees C, or 212 degrees F at sea level, but milk contains additional molecules, so its boiling point is slightly higher.
Explanation:
Answer:
- NaClO₃ > KBr > KNO₃ > NaCl.
Explanation:
The attached file contains the graph with the solubility curves for the four substances, KNO₃, NaClO₃, KBr, NaCl.
To determine the solubility of each salt at a certain temperature, you read the temperature on the horizontal axis, labeled Temperature (ºC), and move upward up to intersecting the curve of the corresponding salt. Then, move horizontally up to insersceting the vertical axis, labeled Solubility (g/100g of H₂O), to read the solubility.
The higher the reading on the vertical axis, the higher the solubility.
The red vertical line that I added is at a temperature of 40ºC.
The number in blue indicate the order in which the solubility curves are intersected at that temperature:
- 4: NaCl: this is the lowest solubility
- 3: KNO₃: this is the second lowest solubility
- 2: KBr: this is the third lowest solubility
- 1: NaClO₃: this is the highest solubility.
Thus, the rank, from most soluble to least soluble is:
- NaClO₃ > KBr > KNO₃ > NaCl.
Answer:
A mixture can contain components in any proportions while a compound contains components in fixed proportions. All components in a mixture do not chemically react, while the components in a compound do react and their original properties are lost.
