What is the net ionic charge of a nitrogen ion? +3 -1 -2 -3

explain how both hydrogen and carbon have achieved stability by bonding with each other to form methane

Naya [18.7K]

A carbon iota can bond with four other iotas and is just like the four-hole wheel, whereas an oxygen iota, which can bond only to two, is just like the two-hole wheel.

4 0

2 years ago

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If you place 1.0 L of ethanol (C2H5OH) in a small laboratory that is 3.0 m long, 2.0 m wide, and 2.0 m high, will all the alcoho

ankoles [38]

If you place 1.0 L of ethanol (C2H5OH) in a small laboratory that is 3.0 m long, 2.0 m wide, and 2.0 m high, will all the alcohol evaporate? If some liquid remains, how much will there be? The vapor pressure of ethyl alcohol at 25 °C is 59 mm Hg, and the density of the liquid at this temperature is 0.785g/cm^3 .

will all the alcohol evaporate? or none at all?

Answer:

Yes, all the ethanol present in the laboratory will evaporate since the mole of ethanol present in vapor is greater. The volume of ethanol left will therefore be zero.

Explanation:

Given that:

The volume of alcohol which is placed in a small laboratory = 1.0 L

Vapor pressure of ethyl alcohol at 25 ° C = 59 mmHg

Converting 59 mmHg to atm ; since 1 atm = 760 mmHg;

Then, we have:

= $\frac{59}{760}atm$

= 0.078 atm

Temperature = 25 ° C

= ( 25 + 273 K)

= 298 K.

Density of the ethanol = 0.785 g/cm³

The volume of laboratory = l × b × h

= 3.0 m × 2.0 m × 2.5 m

= 15 m³

Converting the volume of laboratory to liter;

since 1 m³ = 100 L; Then, we have:

15 × 1000 = 15,000 L

Using ideal gas equation to determine the moles of ethanol in vapor phase; we have:

PV = nRT

Making n the subject of the formula; we have:

$n = \frac{PV}{RT}$

$n = \frac{0.078 * 15000}{0.082*290}$

n = 47. 88 mol of ethanol

Moles of ethanol in 1.0 L bottle can be calculated as follows:

Since numbers of moles = $\frac{mass}{molar mass}$

and mass = density × vollume

Then; we can say ;

number of moles = $\frac{density*volume }{molar mass of ethanol}$

number of moles = $\frac{0.785g/cm^3*1000cm^3}{46.07g/mol}$

number of moles = $\frac{&85}{46.07}$

number of moles = 17.039 mol

Thus , all the ethanol present in the laboratory will evaporate since the mole of ethanol present in vapor is greater. The volume of ethanol left will therefore be zero.

5 0

2 years ago

"Compounds A and B react to give a single product, C. Write the rate law for each of the following cases and determine the units

olasank [31]

Answer:

Part a: Units of k is $M^{-2}s^{-1}$ where reaction is first order in A and second order in B

Part b: Units of k is $M^{-1}s^{-1}$ where reaction is first order in A and second order overall.

Part c: Units of k is $M^{-1}s^{-1}$ where reaction is independent of the concentration of A and second order overall.

Part d: Units of k is $M^{-3}s^{-1}$ where reaction reaction is second order in both A and B.

Explanation:

As the reaction is given as

$A+B \rightarrow C$

where as the rate is given as

$r=k[A]^x[B]^y$

where x is the order wrt A and y is the order wrt B.

Part a:

x=1 and y=2 now the reaction rate equation is given as

$r=k[A]^1[B]^2$

Now the units are given as

$r=k[A]^1[B]^2\\M/s =k[M]^1[M]^2\\M/s =k[M]^{1+2}\\M/s =k[M]^{3}\\M^{1-3}/s =k\\M^{-2}s^{-1} =k$

The units of k is $M^{-2}s^{-1}$

Part b:

x=1 and o=2

x+y=o

1+y=2

y=2-1

y=1

Now the reaction rate equation is given as

$r=k[A]^1[B]^1$

Now the units are given as

$r=k[A]^1[B]^1\\M/s =k[M]^1[M]^1\\M/s =k[M]^{1+1}\\M/s =k[M]^{2}\\M^{1-2}/s =k\\M^{-1}s^{-1} =k$

The units of k is $M^{-1}s^{-1}$

Part c:

x=0 and o=2

x+y=o

0+y=2

y=2

Now the reaction rate equation is given as

$r=k[A]^0[B]^2$

Now the units are given as

$r=k[B]^2\\M/s =k[M]^2\\M/s =k[M]^{2}\\M^{1-2}/s =k\\M^{-1}s^{-1} =k$

The units of k is $M^{-1}s^{-1}$

Part d:

x=2 and y=2

Now the reaction rate equation is given as

$r=k[A]^2[B]^2$

Now the units are given as

$r=k[A]^2[B]^2\\M/s =k[M]^2[M]^2\\M/s =k[M]^{2+2}\\M/s =k[M]^{4}\\M^{1-4}/s =k\\M^{-3}s^{-1} =k$

The units of k is $M^{-3}s^{-1}$

7 0

3 years ago

What happens when chemical bonds break and new bonds form

zheka24 [161]

Answer:

Chemical reactions make and break the chemical bonds between molecules, resulting in new materials as the products of the chemical reaction.

Explanation:

Breaking chemical bonds absorbs energy, while making new bonds releases energy, with the overall chemical reaction being endothermic or exothermic.

5 0

3 years ago

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when

slavikrds [6]

Answer:

A reaction is non-spontaneous at any temperature when the Gibbs free energy > 0.

Explanation:

There is a state function, that determines if a reaction is sponaneous or non spontaneous:

ΔG = Gibbs free energy

A reaction is non spontaneous when it does require energy to produce that reaction. It will be spontaneous, when the reaction does not require energy to be occured.

The formula is: ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

ΔH → Enthalpy → Energy gained or realeased as heat.

ΔH < 0 → Exothermic reaction. Spontaneity is favored

T → Temperature

ΔS → Entropy → Degree of disorder of a system.

When the system has a considered disorder ΔS > 0, disorder increases.

When the system is more ordered, ΔS < 0, disorder decreases.

The reaction will be non spontaneous if, the enthalpy is positive (endothermic reaction) and the ΔS < 0 (disorder decreases). It will not occur if we do not give energy.

ΔG < 0 → Spontaneous reaction

ΔG > 0 → Non spontaneous reaction

ΔG = 0 → System in equilibrium

8 0

3 years ago