This really isn't a 'Biology' question.
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Answer: c. nephron
Explanation: The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, which actively filters blood and generates urine. The nephron is made of the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. Cortical nephrons are located within the renal cortex, whilst juxtamedullary nephrons are observed inside the renal cortex near the renal medulla.
Answer:
(a)1. the replication of genetic materials at S-phase of interphase of both mitosis and meiosis prior to cell division.( This ensured required amount of genetic material are present in the daughter cells to produce, and enough food source as raw material fro the entire division process.
2.the manner in which the the chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell before the chromosomes separates. (This ensured that required or exact copies of chromosomes are available in the new daughter cells as the chromosomes migrates to new daughter cells at Metaphase and Anaphase.
(b)Number of cell cycles or division and crossing over
This occurs because of the number of cell divisions that occurs, Mitosis occurs in one cycle of division which multiplied the number of cells formed, and therefore refereed to as multiplication division.(2n)The new daughter cells have exact number of chromosomes as the parent cells. While meiosis occurs in two cycles of Meiosis 1 and 11. This is a reduction division(n) in which the new daughter cells have haploid or half of the parent chromosome numbers.
Crossing over is another feature which increases the chances of variation from the mixing up of genetic materials of both parents in the new daughter cells at a point called chiasmata. This makes the new haploid daughter cells having new genetic composition slightly different from both parents.
