In general, the further away an electron is from the nucleus, the easier it is for it to be expelled. In other words, ionization energy is a function of atomic radius; the larger the radius, the smaller the amount of energy required to remove the electron from the outer most orbital. For example, it would be far easier to take electrons away from the larger element of Ca (Calcium) than it would be from one where the electrons are held tighter to the nucleus, like Cl (Chlorine). Hope this helped a little not the exact answer though :)
We can use the heat equation,
Q = mcΔT
where Q is the amount of energy transferred (J), m is the mass of the substance (kg), c is the specific heat (J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹) and ΔT is the temperature difference (°C).
Q = 11.2 kJ = 11200 J
m = <span>145 g
</span>c = ?
ΔT = (67 - 22) °C = 45 °C
By applying the formula,
11200 J = 145 g x c x 45 °C
c = 1.72 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹
Hence, specific heat of benzene is 1.72 J g⁻¹ °C⁻¹.
The answer should be "by convection" not by radiation.
Answer:
The molarity is 0.56
Explanation:
In a mixture, the chemical present in the greatest amount is called a solvent, while the other components are called solutes. Then, the molarity or molar concentration is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
In other words, molarity is the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in a given volume.
The Molarity of a solution is determined by:

Molarity is expressed in units (
).
Then you must know the number of moles of Cu(NO₂)₂. For that it is necessary to know the molar mass. Being:
-
Cu: 63.54 g/mol
- N: 14 g/mol
- O: 16 g/mol
the molar mass of Cu(NO₂)₂ is:
Cu(NO₂)₂= 63.54 g/mol + 2*(14 g/mol + 2* 16 g/mol)= 155.54 g/mol
Now the following rule of three applies: if 155.54 g are in 1 mole of the compound, 225 g in how many moles are they?

moles= 1.45
So you know:
- number of moles of solute= 1.45 moles
- volume=2.59 L
Replacing in the definition of molarity:

Molarity= 0.56
<u><em>The molarity is 0.56</em></u>
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