The correct answer is : c. object permanence
Object permanence is a sign of development of infant's social and mental capacities.
Example of object permanence : when infant is already aware that he/she has a dad. Even though the dad went to work and the infants can not see them , the infants still acknowledge his existance
The answer is: A. It is aligned with values, challenging objectivity.
Action research is a form of research that conducted by offering some sort of progressive solutions to the communities that are experiencing some sort of problems. (such as hate groups, vandalism, etc)
While the intention might be good, action research is undeniable based on value, since the solutions that offered by the researchers would only based on what the researchers think as morally right. This will create a bias in the way their view the result of their research.