Manual samplers are prone to effects of temperature, speed of wind and air concentrations.
Explanation
Manual samplers face several challenges that can act as drawbacks to obtaining accurate results. They are subjected to effects of sampling duration where long sampling times are needed to obtain adequate mass for detection. Manual samplers face challenges when measuring non-volatile species because particles are observed into the adsorption medium at a slower rate of diffusion.
Cohesive forces cause the water molecules to stick together with a lot of elasticity, allowing the water to function very much like a rubber into a material like a glass pitcher.
