Answer:
Quarks pair with other quarks to form protons and neutrons.
Explanation:
Every atom contains a nucleus and within the nucleus, protons and neutrons are present. A quark is the fundamental particle of a matter. Quarks are joined together to form hadrons. Protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom are hadrons. Thus, quarks are the smallest particle of a matter as believed by most of the physicists.
Answer:
c. a proton gradient set up across the thylakoid membrane
Explanation:
During the photosynthesis (this also occurs in cellular respiration in mitochondria), hydrogen ions (H+) move across the thylakoid membrane down their electrochemical gradient (from the area of their higher concentration to the area with hydrogen ions lower concentration). An ion gradient can be used for the production of ATP.
Energy released during the reaction is captured by the energy-carrying molecule ATP. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.Cellular respiration in algae, as in all organisms, is the process by which food molecules aremetabolized to obtain chemical energy for the cell.
A primate of a family ( Hominidae<span> ) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors and also (in recent systems) at least some of the great apes.</span>
The innate<span> leukocytes </span>include<span>: Natural killer cells, mast cells, eosinophils, basophils; and the phagocytic cells </span>include<span> macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, and function within the </span>immune system<span> by identifying and eliminating pathogens that might cause infection.</span>
