Question

DNA encodes the cell's genetic instructions for making proteins. The process of making proteins from DNA is divided into two stages called transcription and translation. Transcription is further divided into three steps called initiation, elongation, and termination. Classify the statements about transcription according to the step in which each occurs.

Answer 1

Answer:

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from the DNA. It is further divided into three steps:

Initiation: In this step at first, there is binding of RNA polymerase to the group of transcription factors, it binds at the promoter. It is followed by unwinding of DNA double helix, and then the synthesis of RNA starts.

Elongation: The RNA polymerase extends across the DNA template, it adds the base pairs in 5' to 3' direction. In the same step proofreading of RNA is done to eliminate the errors in synthesis.

Termination: In this step RNA polymerase detaches, at certain stop signals, adding of further base pairs is also terminated by RNA polymerase. The newly synthesized transcript of RNA is released.