What models are you talking about
A scientist would write that number as 1.49 x 10⁸ kilometers .
(Or, if the scientist is in France or the UK, he might write it as 1.49 x 10⁸ kilometres .)
The question is poor. Light doesn't refract on its way THROUGH anything. It refracts at the boundary BETWEEN two different media. The effect is greatest where the ratio of the speeds of light in the two media is greatest. On your list, that would be at the boundary between air or space and glass.
Answer:
So, the correct answer is <em><u>the strong nuclear force</u></em>. It actually pulls together nuetrons and protons that are in the nucleus. At very tiny distances only, like those inside the nucleus, so, this strong force succeded in dealing with the electromagnetic force, and it basically stops the electrical repulsion of protons from blowing apart the nucleus.
<u><em>Mark as brainlies please, I need a few more :D</em></u>
Explanation:
Let us assume that the separation of plate be equal to d and the area of plates is 
. As the capacitance of capacitor is given as follows.
C = 
It is known that the dielectric strength of air is as follows.
E = 
Expression for maximum potential difference is that the capacitor can with stand is as follows.
dV = E × d
And, maximum charge that can be placed on the capacitor is as follows.
Q = CV
= 
= 
= 
= 
or, = 10.62 nC
Thus, we can conclude that charge on capacitor is 10.62 nC.
