Pluto was discovered by the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in February 1930. It was given the status of the ninth planet of the solar system.
As telescopes, particularly in on satellites, improved, more objects were discovered which caused a problem that they were quite small and some astronomers didn't think they qualified as being planets.
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) had a vote which was very close. They defined three criteria which a planet must satisfy.
It must be large enough for gravity to overcome structures of materials and make it spherical. Most bodies are flattened spheroids due to rotation.
It must orbit the Sun.
It must have cleared its orbit of other bodies other than moons.
The IAU created a new definition of an object called a dwarf planet which only satisfies the first two criteria. Pluto fails the third criterion, so it was demoted to a dwarf planet.
Many people, including myself, still consider Pluto to be the ninth planet.
To be pedantic, Jupiter has a lot of asteroids in its orbit at its two Lagrange points. They are called trojan asteroids. So, this means that Jupiter fails the IAU's third criterion and should be a dwarf planet, which it is certainly not!
The answer is C, an educated guess
Using physical means such as electrostatic filters or mechanical filters :)
I believe the correct answer would be A. The extraction of oil shale is detrimental to the environment mainly because the process of extraction requires large amounts of land. Lands are being excavated in order to locate areas which contains the oil. This is not good since it affects ecosystems and destroy habitats.
Its produced through electrochemical conversion
