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creativ13 [48]
2 years ago
6

What do we know about elements with half-filled energy levels??

Chemistry
1 answer:
lisabon 2012 [21]2 years ago
6 0
If the energy level of a certain element is filled based on the maximum number of allowable electrons per level, then it is no longer reactive. With this, half-filled energy level means that the element may retain those electrons and attract electrons from other elements or it may give off its electrons. 
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Draw the Lewis structures of the molecules below and use them to answer the following questions:
Gnesinka [82]

Answer:

If NO₂ molecule written is for Nitrogen dioxide, then, four of the five molecules presented above have no dipole moment and only one of the five molecules, Ozone (0₃), has a dipole moment.

But if the NO₂ molecule is for nitrite ion, NO₂⁻, then three out of the five molecules presented have no dipole moment and only the Nitrite ion, NO₂⁻, and Ozone, 0₃, have dipole moments.

Explanation:

- The Lewis Structure for the molecules are drawn in the image attached to this answer.

The bond dipole moment uses the idea of electric dipole moment to measure the polarity of a chemical bond within a molecule. It occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges. Polarity occurs due to differences in electronegativity.

1) Browne or Trihydridoboron, BH₃ - No dipole moment in the molecule.

Each B-H bond in BH₃ is polar/forms a dipole because the B and H atoms have different electronegativities. But, the shape of the molecule is trigonal planar which is symmetrical, so the dipoles/bond polarities cancel. The resulting BH₃ molecule is non-polar.

2)Nitrogen dioxide, NO₂ has no dipole moment.

Nitrite ion, NO₂⁻ -> Has a dipole moment.

There are two NO₂ molecules, the Nitrogen dioxide molecule is linear and has no dipole moment, but the NO₂⁻ ion is a polar molecule. The geometry of the molecule is bent because of a non-bonding pair of electrons. The bent geometry causes the polarity and subsequent dipole moment.

3) Sulfur hexafluoride, SF₆ - no dipole moment.

Sulfur hexafluoride, abbreviated as SF₆, is a nonpolar molecule. SF₆ has an octahedral molecular geometry, which means that the sulfur molecule has six fluorine atoms surrounding it. While each individual bond is polar, there is no net effect as symmetrical nature of this octahedral molecular structure means the dipole moments all cancel out, meaning that the molecule is nonpolar.

4) Ozone, O₃ - has a dipole moment.

O₃ is polar because there are 18 valence electrons, so the lewis structure would position the central O connected to one single bond and one double bond to connect the other O's. The lone pair on the central O would also mean the molecule was bent, thus making it polar. Therefore, Ozone is a polar molecule with a dipole moment of 0.53 D. The molecule can be represented as a resonance hybrid with two contributing structures, each with a single bond on one side and double bond on the other.

5) Phosphorus pentachloride, PCl₅

PCl₅ has a symmetrical geometry, the vector sum of the dipole moments of the different P-Cl bonds cancel each other. Therefore, the overall dipole moment of PCl₅ becomes 0.

Hope this helps!

6 0
3 years ago
Explain your reasoning. Match each explanation to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
skelet666 [1.2K]

Answer:

A (I_2(g), Br_2 (g), Cl_2 (g), F_2 (B): The ranking can best be explained by the trend entropy decreases as 5. molar mass decreases.

B (H_2O_2 (g), H_2S(g), H_2O(g): The ranking can best be explained by the decreases a trend entropy decreases as 3. molar mass and structure complexity decreases.

C. (C(s, amorphous), C(s, graphite), C(s, diamond): The ranking can best be explained by the trend entropy decreases as 4. structure complexity decreases.

Explanation:

Hello.

In this case, we can understand a higher entropy when more disorder is present and a lower entropy when less disorder is present, thus:

A (I_2(g), Br_2 (g), Cl_2 (g), F_2 (B): The ranking can best be explained by the trend entropy decreases as 5. molar mass decreases since iodine has the greatest molar mass (254 g/mol) and fluorine the least molar mass (38 g/mol).

B (H_2O_2 (g), H_2S(g), H_2O(g): The ranking can best be explained by the decreases a trend entropy decreases as 3. molar mass and structure complexity decreases since hydrogen peroxide weights 34 g/mol as well as hydrogen sulfide but the peroxide has more bonds (more complex, higher entropy).

C. (C(s, amorphous), C(s, graphite), C(s, diamond): The ranking can best be explained by the trend entropy decreases as 4. structure complexity decreases since diamond has a well-ordered structure and amorphous carbon has a very disordered one.

Best regards.

4 0
2 years ago
Be sure to answer all parts.The combustion of a 40.0−g gaseous mixture of H2 and CH4 releases 3766 kJ of heat. Calculate the amo
Svetach [21]

Answer:H2=11.4g

CH4=28.6g

Explanation:The complete combustion of the two gases can be represented by a balanced reaction below

1. CH4 +2O2___CO2+2H2O

2.2H2+O2___2H2O

Combining the two we have CH4 +2H2+3O2___

CO2+4H2O

Since the mixture contains 40gof CH4 and 2, therefore 20g of CH4 and 8g of H2 combines.

Calculated from their molecular Mass i.e CH4 12+4×2)=20 and 2H2= 2×2×2=8g

Mass of CH4=20/28×40=28.6g

2H2=8/28×40=11.4g

7 0
3 years ago
HELP ASAP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Iteru [2.4K]

Answer: The answer is Land heats up and cools down faster than water. I hope this helps! Have a wonderful day(:

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Magnesium and bromine react to produce magnesium bromide. What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction?​
tia_tia [17]

Answer:

MgBr2

Explanation:

On the periodic table, Magnesium has 2+ charge and Bromine has -1 charge.

You cross charges and get MgBr2

6 0
2 years ago
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