Answer: The bacteria transformed with this particular plasmid will form white colonies on the plates containing ampicillin and Xgal.
Explanation: The lacZ gene produces an enzyme called β-galactosidase which is responsible for the breakdown of lactose into glucose and galactose. The lacZ gene is one of the three genes (the other two being lacA and lacY) of the lac operon which is responsible for the transport and mechanism of lactose in E. coli and many other bacteria.
In recombinant DNA technology, when a plasmid is to be used to transform a host cell, such markers are used to help screen the transformed cells from the ones that have not taken up the plasmid. Xgal present in the plates is an artificial substrate which is hydrolyzed by
β-galactosidase into 5-bromo-4-chloro-indoxyl which will dimerize and oxidise into 5,5'-dibromo-4,4'dichloro-indigo. This is a blue pigment which will give blue color to the bacterial cells. Introducing a DNA fragment in this lacZ gene will make it non-functional so it will not be able to produce the enzyme.
Therefore, when a bacterial cell is transformed with a plasmid containing ampicillin resistance gene and a DNA fragment introduced in the lacZ gene and then grown on plates containing ampicillin and Xgal, white colored colonies will appear. The white colonies will show the bacterial cells that have successfully taken up the plasmid with the DNA fragment incorporated in the lacZ gene as this will render the gene non-functional and will not produce β-galactosidase which will breakdown Xgal to give blue colonies. Since the plates contain ampicillin, only the bacterial cells that have been successfully transformed with the plasmid ( the ones that have the DNA fragment and the ones without it) will grow as the ampicillin resistance will give them resistance against ampicillin in the plates. The bacterial cells that have not taken up the plasmid will not be resistant to ampicillin and will not form colonies on the plate.
This is called blue-white screening which is used to identify successfully transformed host cells. A picture of this is given in the attachment, taken from the following website:
https://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Blue_&_White_Colonies.html
Answer:
animal is the correct answer.
Explanation:
The fungus is more closely related to animals than to plants because of the following reasons:
- fungus are heterotrophs that mean they are not able to make their food like animals.
- The fungus is closely related to animals that have signified defined by molecular phylogenetic analyses.
- Fungi have chitin in their cell wall like animals.
A magnifying glass is an example of a simple microscope. The correct answer is will be D, simple microscope.
The oxygen molecules moves through the nostrils, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, smaller and smaller branches of the bronchial tree, and then into the alveolus.
Answer:

Explanation:
Plants, algae, and some kinds of bacteria have the ability to photosynthesize. They have special organelles called chloroplasts.
These organelles are the site of <u>photosynthesis</u>. They contain green pigment known as chlorophyll which can capture sunlight. The light energy plus carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen.
The glucose becomes the organism's food and energy source, but the oxygen is just released as a waste product.