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kap26 [50]
3 years ago
7

Suspension cultures of Panax ginseng plant cells are used to produce ginseng biomass for the health tonic market. The cells are

grown in batch culture in a 2500-litre stirred bioreactor operated at 25C and 1 atm pressure. Over a period of 12 days, 5.53106 litres of air at 25C and 1 atm are pumped into the reactor; off-gas containing 5.13105 litres of oxygen leaves the vessel over the same period. About 135 kg of water is lost by evaporation during the culture. Estimate the cooling requirements.
Engineering
1 answer:
slavikrds [6]3 years ago
4 0

<u>Solution and Explanation:</u>

When using a larger vessel that still requires heating, temperature control measures can be required to provide the initial heat requirement, as well as provide the necessary chilling capacity.

• If the lowest temperature point is near or below ambient and the reaction is exothermic, or a controlled temperature change from high to low is required, then a bath circulator with refrigeration for small vessels or a larger chiller will be required.

In order to calculate the required heating or cooling capacity to reach the desired temperature, the heat load comprised of the specific internal energy must be determined.

This is the energy associated with a change in temperature of a given mass, where no electrical, mechanical or chemical energy is being added to the system. The final calculations include everything that is being cooled or heated, including the culture medium, the bioreactor, the fluid in the jacket, plumbing lines and temperature control unit.

The heat load calculation

Q = MCΔT

Q = heat load (Kilocalories/Kcal)

M = Mass of the substance that is changing temperature (kg)

C = specific heat of the substance that is changing temperature (calories/gram, /°Kelvin)

ΔT = change in temperature (°C)

Once the desired temperature or temperature range and heat load have been determined, and manipulated to compensate for the desired time frame, you will need to estimate the additional cooling or heating needed to poor heat transfer and heat gained from, or lost to the external environment.

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An iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.286 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1200°
Fantom [35]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given data:

initial construction co = 0.286 wt %

concentration at surface position cs = 0 wt %

carbon concentration cx = 0.215 wt%

time = 7 hr

D =  7.5 \times 10^{-11} m^2/s

for 0.225% carbon concentration following formula is used

\frac{cx -co}{cs -co} = 1 - erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}})

where, erf stand for error function

\frac{cx -co}{cs -co} = \frac{0.215 -0.286}{0 -0.286} =0.248

0.248 = 1 - erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}})

erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}}) = 1 - 0.248

erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}}) = 0.751

from the table erf(Z) value = 0.751 lie between (z) = 0.80 and z = 0.85 so by inteerpolation we have z = 0.815

from given table

\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}} = 0.815

x = 2\times 0.815 \times \sqrt{7.5 \times 10^{-11}\times (7\times 3600)

x = 2.39\times 10^{-3} m

x = 0.002395 mm

8 0
3 years ago
A boiler is used to heat steam at a brewery to be used in various applications such as heating water to brew the beer and saniti
Natalija [7]

Answer:

net boiler heat = 301.94 kW

Explanation:

given data

saturated steam = 6.0 bars

temperature = 18°C

flow rate = 115 m³/h = 0.03194 m³/s

heat use by boiler = 90 %

to find out

rate of heat does the boiler output

solution

we can say saturated steam is produce at 6 bar from liquid water 18°C

we know at 6 bar from steam table

hg = 2756 kJ/kg

and

enthalpy of water at 18°C

hf = 75.64 kJ/kg

so heat required for 1 kg is

=hg - hf

= 2680.36 kJ/kg

and

from steam table specific volume of saturated steam at 6 bar is 0.315 m³/kg

so here mass flow rate is

mass flow rate = \frac{0.03194}{0.315}

mass flow rate m = 0.10139 kg/s

so heat required is

H = h × m  

here h is heat required and m is mass flow rate

H = 2680.36  × 0.10139

H =  271.75 kJ/s = 271.75 kW

now 90 % of boiler heat is used for generate saturated stream

so net boiler heat = \frac{H}{0.90}

net boiler heat = \frac{271.75}{0.90}

net boiler heat = 301.94 kW

5 0
3 years ago
What are the chemical properties of metals
Grace [21]

Answer:

  • The density of metals are usually high
  • They are great conductors of heat
  • They are malleable and ductile

8 0
3 years ago
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Vera_Pavlovna [14]
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3 years ago
Calculate the convective heat-transfer coefficient for water flowing in a round pipe with an inner diameter of 3.0 cm. The water
olasank [31]

Answer:

h = 10,349.06 W/m^2 K

Explanation:

Given data:

Inner diameter = 3.0 cm

flow rate  = 2 L/s

water temperature 30 degree celcius

Q = A\times V

2\times 10^{-3} m^3 = \frac{\pi}{4} \times (3\times 10^{-2})^2 \times velocity

V = \frac{20\times 4}{9\times \pi} = 2.83 m/s

Re = \frac{\rho\times V\times D}{\mu}

at 30 degree celcius = \mu = 0.798\times 10^{-3}Pa-s , K  = 0.6154

Re = \frac{10^3\times 2.83\times 3\times 10^{-2}}{0.798\times 10^{-3}}

Re = 106390

So ,this is turbulent flow

Nu = \frac{hL}{k} = 0.0029\times Re^{0.8}\times Pr^{0.3}

Pr= \frac{\mu Cp}{K} = \frac{0.798\times 10^{-3} \times 4180}{0.615} = 5.419

\frac{h\times 0.03}{0.615}  = 0.0029\times (1.061\times 10^5)^{0.8}\times 5.419^{0.3}

SOLVING FOR H

WE GET

h = 10,349.06 W/m^2 K

6 0
3 years ago
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