When light travels from a medium with higher refractive index into a medium with lower refractive index, there is a maximum angle (called critical angle) for which all the light is reflected, so there is no refraction.
The value of the critical angle is given by:

when n1 is the refractive index of the first medium, while n2 is the refractive index of the second medium. In our case, n1=1.33 (the water) and n1=1.00 (the air). Putting numbers in, we get
Kinetic energy is the energy for a catapult.
I = E / R
If the resistors are in series, the current is 0.3 Amperes.
If the resistors are in parallel, the current is 1.25 Amperes.
Answer:

So then the difference of temperature across the material would be 
Explanation:
For this case we can use the Fourier Law of heat conduction given by the following equation:
(1)
Where k = thermal conductivity = 0.2 W/ mK
A= 1m^2 represent the cross sectional area
Q= 3KW represent the rate of heat transfer
is the temperature of difference that we want to find
represent the thickness of the material
If we solve
in absolute value from the equation (1) we got:

First we convert 3KW to W and we got:

And we have everything to replace and we got:

So then the difference of temperature across the material would be 