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How is a lithium atom (Li) different from a lithium ion (Li+)?
2 answers:
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Answer to this is Radioactive isotopes.
Isotopes are the species of the same element having different atomic masses that means the number of protons remains the same but number of neutrons do differ. For example and
are the two isotopes of Hydrogen (
).
Radioactive isotopes are the isotopes which release some kind of energy in the form of alpha particles, beta particles or gamma radiation. Examples of each of the decay processes are :
Alpha Decay: In this decay one alpha particle having atomic mass 4 and atomic number 2 or we can say a He molecule will come out.
Beta Decay: In this decay a particle is emitted increasing the atomic number of the reactant by 1 unit.
Gamma Radiation: In this type of reaction only radiation is emitted out which does not change the original molecule.
Answer:-
Water is highly ordered. In water each oxygen atom is connected to others around it through hydrogen bonding via bridging hydrogen atoms. When a salt like NaCl is dissolved, some of these Hydrogen bonds break.
When a salt like NaCl dissolves in water, the NaCl breaks in to ions Na+ and Cl-.
The water molecules now surround these ions.
The slightly negative oxygen end of water molecule gets near the Na+, while the slightly positive Hydrogen of water molecule gets near the Cl-.
So before salt sample dissolve, the water molecules were highly ordered due to hydrogen bonding. Now after salt dissolve there is a decrease in order and thus an increase in disorder of the water molecules.
Due to increase in disorder, entropy which is a measure of disorder increases. Since entropy increases, delta S for the process is positive.
