The boundary layer thickness is usually defined as the distance from the wall to the point where the flow velocity reaches 99 % of the free stream value.
In the very thin boundary layer associated with free stream flows with high Reynolds numbers, a steep rise in velocity occurs perpendicular to the wall.
Boundary layer thickness = 0.37*Distance on x-axis/(Reynolds Number^(1/5))
δ = 0.37*x/(Re^(1/5))
This formula uses 3 Variables:
Variables Used
Boundary layer thickness - (Measured in Meter) - Boundary layer thickness is the distance normal to the wall to a point where the flow velocity has essentially reached the 'asymptotic' velocity.
Distance on x-axis - (Measured in Meter) - Distance on x-axis is the distance of point measured along x-axis form origin.
Reynolds Number - The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces within a fluid which is subjected to relative internal movement due to different fluid velocities. A region where these forces change behavior is known as a boundary layer, such as the bounding surface in the interior of a pipe.
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Answer:
They carefully spelled out the independence of the three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.
It is Chavez’s dream to see <u>farm workers be treated fairly as human beings</u>.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Cesar E. Chavez works hard to bring better life for farm workers. He wanted farm workers to be treated as human beings.
Many people involved in the farm work were under savage condition. They lived under trees, near garbage and near tomato fields. They don’t have proper shelter; vicious rats disturb them during their sleep. They walk long distance to purchase their foods at inflated prices. Farm workers worked for long hours and their life expectancy was also reduced.
Chavez wants the farm workers to be treated as humans and not as beasts.
<span>Products that customers consider essentials or necessities tend to have less elasticity than products viewed as luxury or discretionary. If a customer believes he needs a certain product for survival, quality of life, or pleasure, he is more likely to stretch a bit to purchase the item if the price goes up. On the contrary, a product viewed as optional is a less likely purchase as the price increases because the customer believes he can live without it.Customer OptionsThe more options a customer has to meet a particular functional or emotional need, the more elastic a product's demand. This is why a company with a monopoly has a huge advantage. Customers don't have options and feel compelled to buy from the given provider. In highly competitive industries, price differentials are usually less among competing brands because of the ability customers have to select lower-priced alternatives. A closely related factor is the cost of switching brands. Cell phone customers often wait to change providers to avoid penalties if they are obligated to service contracts.
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Answer:
Gideon v. Wainwright
Explanation:
The importance of the Gideon ruling is that it is of historical interest, and relevant to appreciating the constitutional protections available to citizens. Prior to the Gideon ruling, the Supreme Court had decided several other cases relating to the right of counsel; nearly all such cases had involved the death penalty. Gideon extended the right to counsel to non-capital cases as well.
