1. In the investigation of an unknown alcohol, there was a positive Jones test and a negative Lucas test. What deductions may be
made as to the nature of the alcohol? State reasons for your deductions. 2. Draw the structures of the products formed from each of the knowns in the Lucas test. If no product is formed, indicate that with the statement "no reaction" in place of products. 3. Repeat question 2 with the Jones test.
1 answer:
Answer:
1. When observing a positive test for the jones reagent and negative for the Lucas test, it indicates that it is in the presence of a primary alcohol.
Jones reagent behaves like a strong oxidant, where it transforms the primary alcohols into carboxylic acids and the secondary alcohols into ketones. Tertiary alcohols do not react.
With the Lucas test, tertiary alcohols react immediately producing turbidity, while secondary alcohols do so in five minutes. Primary alcohols do not react significantly with Lucas reagent at room temperature.
2. No reaction (See the attached drawing)
3. (see the attached drawing)
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The complete table is inserted.
A table is given,
Formulas used:
pH= -log(H⁺)
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
pH+ pOH=14
Calculations:
For A: (H⁺)=2×10⁻⁸M
Using the pH formula:
pH= -log(H⁺)=-log(2×10⁻⁸)=7.69
pOH=14 - 7.69=6.3
Calculating OH concentration,
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
6.3= -log(OH⁻)
(OH⁻)=5.011×10⁻⁷M
Hence, the nature of A is basic.
Similarily,
For B,
(OH⁻)=1×10⁻⁷
Using the pH formula:
pOH= -log(OH⁻)= -log(1×10⁻⁷)=7
pH=14-7=7
Calculating H concentration,
pH= -log(H⁺)
7= -log(H⁺)
(H⁺)=1×10⁻⁷M
Hence, the nature of B is neutral.
Similarily,
For C,
pH=12.3
Using the pH formula:
pOH=14-12.3=1.7
Calculating H concentration,
pH= -log(H⁺)
12.3= -log(H⁺)
(H⁺)=5.011×10⁻¹³M
Calculating OH concentration,
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
1.7= -log(OH⁻)
(OH⁻)=1.99×10⁻²M
Hence, the nature of C is Basic.
Similarily,
For D,
pOH=6.8
Using the pH formula:
pH=14-6.8=7.2
Calculating H concentration,
pH= -log(H⁺)
7.2= -log(H⁺)
(H⁺)=6.309×10⁻⁸M
Calculating OH concentration,
pOH= -log(OH⁻)
6.8= -log(OH⁻)
(OH⁻)=1.58×10⁻⁷M
Hence, the nature of D is basic.
Learn more about the acid and bases here:
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