Answer:
(a) 1.6 Ns
(b) 6.95ms
Explanation:
mass of ball, m = 0.5 kg
initial velocity, u = 0
force, F = 230 N
final speed, v = 3.2 m/s
(a) According to the formula of momentum
The change in momentum = m (v - u) = 0.5 (3.2 - 0) = 1.6 Ns
(b) According to the Newton's second law, the force acting on the ball is rate of change of momentum of ball. let the time is t.

The refractive index is essentially the speed of light through a vacuum (extremely similar to air) divided by the speed of light through given medium.
I also attached some of my physics notes on refraction and that sort of jazz as they may help :)
Answer:
With sonar, what happens to sound pulses from a ship after they hit the ocean floor? ... They bounce back to the ship.
Explanation: