Answer:
Option (d) chlorine has a greater ionization energy than sodium
Explanation:
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion. Sodium has just 1 electron in it's outmost shell and chlorine has 7.
Sodium needs 7 electrons to complete it's octet configuration and chlorine needs just 1.
Sodium can not attract 7 electrons to complete it's octet configuration instead it will easily lose the 1 electron in it's outmost shell to form cation. On the other hand, it will be difficult for chlorine to lose any of it's outmost electrons. This makes chlorine to have higher ionization energy than sodium.
The answer is D hope this helps
They are called ISOTOPES.
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Answer:
2.2 °C/m
Explanation:
It seems the question is incomplete. However, this problem has been found in a web search, with values as follow:
" A certain substance X melts at a temperature of -9.9 °C. But if a 350 g sample of X is prepared with 31.8 g of urea (CH₄N₂O) dissolved in it, the sample is found to have a melting point of -13.2°C instead. Calculate the molal freezing point depression constant of X. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. "
So we use the formula for <em>freezing point depression</em>:
In this case, ΔTf = 13.2 - 9.9 = 3.3°C
m is the molality (moles solute/kg solvent)
- 350 g X ⇒ 350/1000 = 0.35 kg X
- 31.8 g Urea ÷ 60 g/mol = 0.53 mol Urea
Molality = 0.53 / 0.35 = 1.51 m
So now we have all the required data to <u>solve for Kf</u>:
Astronomers can measure it by way of luminosity which is the power of a star or the amount of energy (light) the star admits from its surface. they also measure the brightness of a start as if it were to appear 32.6 light years from Earth
