______________ was once the capital of an empire ruled by the Rus that stretched across much of Eastern Europe and Central Asia.

If body temperture is to high some blood vessels increase in size and sweat glands will excrete sweat resulting in a lower body

MArishka [77]

The answer is number 2

4 0

3 years ago

1) Discuss two neurotransmitters and their functions? 2) The central nervous system is comprised of what two structures? 3) What

wariber [46]

Answer:

1. dopamine and serotonin

2. brain and spinal cord

3. controls the function of different processes in the body

4. limbic system

5. Increase brain surface area

6. release hormones into the bloodstream

7. insulation

8. laughing has multiple positive functions in the body

Explanation:

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter (i.e., a chemical messenger) involved in responses to rewards, motivation and memory, while serotonin is another neurotransmitter that controls appetite, mood, wakefulness and sleep onset. The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord acts as a conduit by which messages are sent from the brain to the body and from the body to the brain. Moreover, the brain acts to control all body abilities (e.g., thinking, talk, feeling, walking, breathing, etc). The autonomic nervous system is known to modulate different processes (e.g., blood pressure, digestion, breath) and internal organs (e.g., heart) by acting largely unconsciously, i.e., without a person's conscious effort. The limbic system is a part of the brain that acts to control emotions and memory by modulating autonomic/endocrine functions. Convolutions, folds, and fissures can increase brain surface area, thereby more neurons are packed into the cortex of the brain and thus it is possible to process more information. The endocrine system acts to release hormones into the bloodstream. These hormones travel in the blood to their target cells/tissues, where they regulate different functions (e.g., mood, growth, development, metabolism, reproduction, etc). The myelin is an insulating layer surrounding nerve cells that enables electrical impulses to transmit efficiently around the whole body. Laughing has multiple positive functions: release endorphin hormones that decrease stress, increases the number of immune cells and antibodies, stimulate the activity of internal organs (e.g., heart), quickly relax the muscles, contribute to increase the oxygen uptake rate in blood, etc.

8 0

3 years ago

Which antibody class was produced first in this sequence of events

morpeh [17]

Answer:

IgM

Explanation:

........ ............ .

7 0

3 years ago

In the ocean how does water temperature change as depth increases

tatuchka [14]

When the upper water layers warm in the summer months, they become separated from deep water by a transition zone known as a thermocline. In a thermocline, the temperature decreases rapidly with small increases in depth. This phenomenon linking temperature change with depth is called temperature stratification.

7 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Before the forming urine flows into the distal tubule of the nephron, it is in the _____ ______ _____, where water is absorbed a

liraira [26]

Answer:

"Before the forming urine flows into the distal tubule of the nephron, it is in the loop of Henle, where water is absorbed as the fluid descends into the deep medulla of the kidney, and salts are absorbed as the fluid flows back up to the cortex of the kidney".

Explanation:

Henle´s loop is a specific section of renal tubules that forms the nephrons.

In this U-shaped region, the two parts of the contorted tubule, the distal and the proximal part, are very close to each other. In the kidney, both parts of the tubules are located in the renal cortex, while the loop of Henle is located within the renal medulla.

The proximal region of the Henle´s loop is a permeable region, unlike the proximal and distal regions of the renal tubule.

This is why it is possible the interchange of water and ions in the Henle´s loop. In the loop´s walls, cells present aquaporines in their membranes that allow passive water absorption, while they do not allow the transport of ions and urea. In this way 25% of the water that passes through the kidney might be filtered.

The ascendant side of the loop, which is narrower, the tubule wall is impermeable to water but allows the ions´reabsorption. Here, cells present sodium, potassium, and chloride channels.

Potassium sodium pump transporters are found in the basolateral zone. While in the apical area are active transporters of the 3 ions.

Due to these differences in the water and ions´absorption between the two parts of the Henle´s loop, a countercurrent multiplier effect is produced, stratifying the osmotic compounds of the medullary interstitium, being the part closest to the cortex less concentrated than the part closest to the renal papilla, which is about 4 times more concentrated in ions.

7 0

3 years ago