The characteristics of electromagnetic waves typically represent as follows:
- There are changes in the electric and magnetic fields simultaneously so that both fields have maximum and minimum values at the same time and place.
- The direction of the electric field and the magnetic field are perpendicular to each other. The direction of both is perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation.
- The shape of electromagnetic waves is transverse waves.
- It has general wave characteristics like polarization, reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction.
- The amount of the electric field (E) is directly proportional to the magnitude of the magnetic field, with the relationship E = cB.
- The universal constant of the velocity of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is
- The speed at which electromagnetic waves propagate depends merely on the electrical and magnetic properties of the medium that it travels on.
- Because electromagnetic waves do not contain an electric charge, they do not experience any possible deviation in the electric or magnetic fields.
- Two physicists who contributed significantly to developing the concept of electromagnetic waves are Faraday and Maxwell around 1831-1864.
- From the observations, Faraday suggested that changes in the magnetic field cause an electric charge to flow in the loop of wire, contributing in the emergence of an electric field.
- Maxwell proposed a reverse process, which is a change in the electric field will generate a magnetic field.
- As follows, according to Faraday's Law, changes in sinusoidal magnetic fields generate electric fields which also change sinusoidally.
- Meantime, according to Maxwell's Hypothesis, changes in sinusoidal electric fields generate magnetic fields which also change sinusoidally.
- Furthermore, there is a process of combining electric and magnetic fields that propagate in all directions called electromagnetic waves.
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Keywords: the characteristics, electromagnetic waves, transverse, vacuum, electric fields, magnetic, perpendicular, propagation, Maxwell, Faraday, the speed, polarization, reflection, refraction, interference, and diffraction
