Answer:

Explanation:
= Activation energy = 160 kJ
T = Temperature = 510 K
R = Universal gas constant = 8.314 J/mol K
The fraction of energy is given by

The fraction of energy is 
Answer:

Explanation:
Given that,
The ray makes an angle of 32 degrees with respect to the normal of the surface.
The refractive index of air, 
The refractive index of water, 
Snell's law is given by :



So, option (4) is correct. Hence, this is the required solution.
Answer:
CB = 4.45 x 10⁻⁹ F = 4.45 nF
Explanation:
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor is given by the following formula:
C = ε₀A/d
where,
C = Capacitance
ε₀ = Permeability of free space
A = Area of plates
d = Distance between plates
FOR CAPACITOR A:
C = CA = 17.8 nF = 17.8 x 10⁻⁹ F
A = A₁
d = d₁
Therefore,
CA = ε₀A₁/d₁ = 17.8 x 10⁻⁹ F ----------------- equation 1
FOR CAPACITOR B:
C = CB = ?
A = A₁/2
d = 2 d₁
Therefore,
CB = ε₀(A₁/2)/2d₁
CB = (1/4)(ε₀A₁/d₁)
using equation 1:
CB = (1/4)(17.8 X 10⁻⁹ F)
<u>CB = 4.45 x 10⁻⁹ F = 4.45 nF</u>